Best Doctoral Degree Programs at University of Pennsylvania by ROI
Every Doctoral Degree major at University of Pennsylvania ranked by estimated 20-year net return on investment. Data from the U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard.
Programs Analyzed
6
Majors with salary data
Average 20-Yr Net ROI
+$634,124
Across all programs
Average Annual Cost
$85,738
Cost of attendance
| # | Major | 20-Yr Net ROI | Median Salary | Annual Cost | Avg Debt | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Dentistry.
Grad rate: 96.5% |
+$1,302,748 | $124,285 | $85,738 | $0 | Full ROI → |
| 2 |
Educational Administration and Supervision.
Grad rate: 96.5% |
+$1,284,848 | $123,390 | $85,738 | $0 | Full ROI → |
| 3 |
Biomedical/Medical Engineering.
Grad rate: 96.5% |
+$653,208 | $91,808 | $85,738 | $0 | Full ROI → |
| 4 |
Education, General.
Grad rate: 96.5% |
+$316,788 | $74,987 | $85,738 | $0 | Full ROI → |
| 5 |
History.
Grad rate: 96.5% |
+$220,568 | $70,176 | $85,738 | $0 | Full ROI → |
| 6 |
Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences.
Grad rate: 96.5% |
+$26,588 | $60,477 | $85,738 | $0 | Full ROI → |
How ROI is calculated
20-Year Net ROI = Gross Earnings (salary × 20) − Total Degree Cost − Debt Payoff (×1.35) − Baseline Opportunity Cost ($42,000 × 20). Data from the U.S. College Scorecard.